The story of medical cannabis—before the term Cannabis-Based Products for Medicinal Use (CBPMs) came about – is one of ancient roots. Historically, cannabis has been used medicinally for thousands of years, playing a role in traditional medicine systems in China, Egypt, and India, where it was used to manage various ailments.
In the UK, medical cannabis was widely available until the early 20th century when restrictions were imposed. However, in 2018, CBPMs were legalised under specific conditions, allowing access for patients with qualifying medical needs.
UK Medical Cannabis Legalisation
In 2018, the UK government legalised medical cannabis, allowing specialist doctors to prescribe unlicensed CBPMs to patients whose conditions had not responded to conventional treatments. Since then, the number of legal medical cannabis patients has increased significantly. In 2021, an estimated 30,000 patients were receiving prescriptions, and by 2024, this number had grown to over 63,000. Projections suggest that by 2028, patient numbers could reach 141,000, reflecting the increasing demand for medical cannabis treatment in the UK.
Regulations for Medical Cannabis (CBPMs)
CBPMs in the UK are classified as unlicensed, prescription-only medicines, meaning they are only prescribed when standard treatments have not provided sufficient relief. These products must meet strict quality and safety standards, as they are regulated under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines overseen by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). This ensures that medical cannabis products are consistent, safe, and reliable for patients.
Not all doctors can prescribe medical cannabis. Only specialist doctors registered with the General Medical Council can assess whether a patient may benefit from CBPMs. During a consultation, the specialist will review the patient’s medical history, assess whether medical cannabis is a suitable option, and, if appropriate, provide a prescription tailored to the patient’s needs.
Legal Rights of Medical Cannabis Patients in the UK
Medical cannabis patients in the UK, Isle of Man, Jersey, and Guernsey are not legally required to carry specific identification to prove they are prescribed medical cannabis. However, to confirm lawful possession, patients should ensure they retain their pharmacy dispensing label on the original medication packaging. A copy of their prescription, either in paper format or stored digitally, can also be used as proof if required. While carrying proof of prescription is not mandatory, keeping an electronic copy of the latest prescription is recommended in case law enforcement queries possession.
Under the Equality Act 2010, patients have the right to medical privacy, meaning private companies, including police officers, councils, and employers, cannot demand access to personal medical records. Patients cannot be compelled to share details of their medical cannabis prescription, but they may choose to do so voluntarily. Furthermore, reasonable adjustments must be made to allow patients to administer their medication as directed by their doctor.
If questioned by law enforcement, police officers can verify lawful possession of medical cannabis by checking either a copy of the patient’s prescription or the medication packaging with a dispensing label in the patient’s name. Clinics and pharmacies are legally bound to protect patient confidentiality and cannot share medical records with law enforcement without explicit patient consent, except in cases where there is a serious crime investigation or risk of harm prevention.
Unofficial medical cannabis ID schemes are not currently recognised by UK law and do not serve as proof of legal possession. Currently, the only legally accepted verification of medical cannabis use is a valid prescription or a pharmacy-issued dispensing label.
Click here to learn more about your eligibility and explore how CBPMs may fit within a structured, legal framework in the UK.